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cite-note-pcmag-dpmi-33. ↑ Ray Duncan: Power Programming – An Introduction to The DOS Protected Mode Interface. In: PC Magazine. Band 10, Nr. 3. Ziff Davis, 12. Februar 1991, S. 365 ff., S. 366 (englisch, eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche): “VCPI was developed in 1987 by Phar Lap Software and Quarterdeck Office Systems with a fairly narrow objective: to allow 80386 protected-mode DOS extender applications coexist with 80386-specific memory managers and expanded memory (EMS) emulators such as Qualitas’s 386-to-the-Max and Quarterdeck Office Systems’s QEMM-386. In spite of (or because of) its limited goals, the VCPI was quite successful. It became an accepted industry standard in April 1989, and by 1990 virtually every 80386-specific software product on the market supported or was capable of using the VCPI interface—except for Microsoft’s products.”

cite-note-44. ↑ Marcus Johnson: PC Programmer's Guide to Low-level Functions and Interrupts. Sams Publishing, 1994, ISBN 0-672-30475-9, S. 889 (englisch, eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche): “VCPI (Virtual Control Program Interface) is an extension of EMS that provides a minimal set of services so that a 80386+ protected-mode master supervisor program can retain control of the system …”

cite-note-55. ↑ Ray Duncan: Power Programming – An Introduction to The DOS Protected Mode Interface. In: PC Magazine. Band 10, Nr. 3. Ziff Davis, 12. Februar 1991, S. 365 ff., S. 366 (englisch, eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche): “In the context of the problems it was design to solve, the VCPI works extremely well, but it is an inadequate platform for the multitasking of DOS extender applications. … Another, somewhat less important drawback of the VCPI is that it is fundamentally based on the concept of 80386 hardware paging and therefore can't be implemented on 80286 machines.”

cite-note-66. ↑ Ray Duncan: Power Programming – An Introduction to The DOS Protected Mode Interface. In: PC Magazine. Band 10, Nr. 3. Ziff Davis, 12. Februar 1991, S. 365 ff., S. 366 (englisch, eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche): “The creators of VCPI were well aware of its limitations and were already hard at work on a second generation specification called Extended VCPI (XVCPI), when Microsoft barged onto the scene with the beta-test versions of Windows 3.0 and its DPMI. For a few months, it appeared that the fledgling DOS extender market would fragment into two mutually exclusive directions … Luckily cooler heads prevailed. Microsoft turned control of the DPMI specification over to an industry committee with open membership, and the backers of the XVCPI effort decided to join forces behind the DPMI.”

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